Escherichia coli IgM (except O157:H7 and O103)

Autoimmune diabetes is often misunderstood, misdiagnosed, or detected later than it should be. The key to identifying it early lies in specific autoimmune markers, particularly anti-Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD), anti-Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-like Protein IA-2 (IA-2), anti-Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), and anti-insulin autoantibody (IAA).